PCs

A personal computer (PC) is a general-purpose computing device designed for use by one person at a time. PCs are programmable and capable of running a broad range of software for tasks such as word processing, web browsing, multimedia, and gaming. They include both hardware and software components assembled for individual use.

The term PC emerged in the 1980s to distinguish personal machines from mainframes and minicomputers. The IBM PC, introduced in 1981, popularized the x86 architecture and the ecosystem of compatible software, especially MS-DOS and later Windows. The Macintosh, introduced by Apple in 1984, contributed the graphical user interface paradigm that influenced PC software design. Since then PCs have evolved toward multitasking operating systems and standardized hardware.

A PC comprises a central processing unit, memory, storage, and a motherboard, plus a power supply and cooling. Input devices include a keyboard and mouse; output devices include a monitor. Expansion is supported through slots and ports, such as PCIe, USB, and network interfaces. Modern PCs commonly feature integrated or dedicated graphics, Wi‑Fi, and various peripherals.

Operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux coordinate hardware and provide user interfaces. Applications range from productivity suites to web browsers, media players, and games. PCs can run virtualization software and support dual-boot configurations, enabling multiple operating systems on a single machine.

Form factors include desktops, laptops, all-in-one systems, and compact or mini PCs. PCs serve consumer, education, and business markets, with wide variations in performance, battery life, and upgradability. They remain a primary platform for personal computing and connect to cloud services and networks for data storage and collaboration.