WiFi

WiFi is a family of wireless networking technologies that enable devices to connect to local area networks and the internet using radio waves. Based on the IEEE 802.11 standards, it is the most widespread method of wireless broadband in homes, schools, offices, and public hotspots. The term WiFi is a brand name owned by the Wi‑Fi Alliance, which certifies interoperability among equipment from different manufacturers.

WiFi operates primarily in unlicensed bands: 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and, since recent updates, 6 GHz. Data rates vary by standard and configuration: 802.11b up to 11 Mbps; 802.11a/g up to 54 Mbps; 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax up to several gigabits per second in ideal conditions. Modern devices use multiple input, multiple output (MIMO), wider channels, and technologies such as OFDMA and beamforming to improve capacity and efficiency in dense environments.

Security is defined by Wi‑Fi Protected Access (WPA) protocols. The original WEP has been deprecated; WPA2 and WPA3 are the prevalent standards, with enterprise and personal modes. Encryption, strong passphrases, and regular updates are recommended. Network configuration often includes separate guest networks and disabling WPS for security.

WiFi networks typically rely on a router or access point to provide connectivity, with coverage extended by mesh systems in larger or multi‑unit setups. Performance is influenced by distance, walls, channel choice, interference, and equipment quality. Beyond internet access, WiFi enables local discovery and services such as file sharing, gaming, and printing.