54

54 is the natural number that follows 53 and precedes 55. It is an even composite number with prime factorization 2 × 3^3. Its divisors are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, and 54. The sum of all divisors is 120, so the sum of proper divisors is 66, making 54 an abundant number. In base 10, 54 is a Harshad number because it is divisible by the sum of its digits (5 + 4 = 9, and 54 ÷ 9 = 6). 54 is also a practical number, meaning every smaller positive integer can be expressed as a sum of distinct divisors of 54.

In science, 54 is the atomic number of xenon, a noble gas with applications in lighting, imaging, and specialized anesthesia. Xenon is known for its low chemical reactivity and distinctive properties that make it useful in various technologies and medical contexts.

In culture and history, 54 has several notable associations. The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an African-American unit raised during the American Civil War and is remembered for its valor at Fort Wagner. Studio 54, a famous New York City nightclub in the late 1970s, helped define a era of nightlife and pop culture, and its name has been referenced in media such as the 1998 film about the venue.

In numerals and representations, 54 is LIV in Roman numerals, 110110 in binary, and 0x36 in hexadecimal. The number appears in various mathematical and cultural contexts, often linked to its factors, its role as an abundant and practical number, or its symbolization in science and history.