monitor

A monitor is a display device that presents visual output from a computer or other video source. It converts electrical signals into images that can be viewed by a user and typically serves as the primary interface for interacting with a computer.

Most modern monitors use LCD panels with LED backlighting, though older models employed cathode ray tubes (CRTs). The dominant contemporary technologies are LCD/LED and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. Common specifications include resolution (for example 1920×1080, 2560×1440, or 3840×2160), aspect ratio (such as 16:9 or 21:9), and pixel density. Refresh rate, measured in hertz, indicates how many times the image is updated per second, with 60 Hz as standard and higher rates common in gaming monitors. Response time, color gamut, and support for high dynamic range (HDR) are additional performance factors that affect image quality and color accuracy.

Monitors connect to devices through various interfaces, including VGA, DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort, and USB-C with display capabilities. They may offer built-in USB hubs, adjustable stands, and features such as tilt, swivel, and height adjustment. Many monitors support VESA mounting for standardized wall or arm mounts. Energy efficiency varies by model, with some bearing energy-performance certifications.

Common uses of monitors range from general office work and multimedia consumption to professional graphic design, video editing, and gaming. Calibration and color management are important for color-critical work. OLED monitors offer high contrast but can be susceptible to image retention, while LCD/LED models are generally more widely adopted for everyday use.