swivel

A swivel is a mechanical joint that permits rotation around a fixed axis between two components, typically allowing one part to rotate relative to another while remaining connected. It enables rotation in the horizontal plane or around a vertical axis, often under load.

Most swivels incorporate a bearing element—ball or roller bearings—between the moving parts to reduce friction and support radial and axial loads. They typically consist of inner and outer members that rotate relative to each other, sometimes with seals for dirt protection.

Common types include ball-bearing swivels, which cover a wide range of loads; hose or pipe swivels that prevent twisting of cables or flexible lines; and specialized swivels for marine rigging, fishing gear, or camera equipment.

Applications span camera tripods and light stands, office and factory furniture, fishing gear, sailing and rigging, piping and hose assemblies, and industrial machinery such as cranes and conveyors.

Materials vary by use, with steel and stainless steel being typical for load-bearing tasks, while brass or bronze may be used for corrosion resistance or decorative purposes. Important considerations include load rating, rotation angle, lubrication, and environmental exposure.

The concept dates to early hardware pivot joints, with modern swivels standardized by bearing technology to achieve smoother motion and greater durability.