cables

Cables are assemblies of one or more conductors, insulated and encased in protective coverings, designed to transmit electrical power, signals, or data. They differ from simple wires by the presence of insulating materials, shielding, and outer jackets that improve mechanical strength, environmental resistance, and safety.

Common categories include electrical power cables, communication cables, and fiber optic cables. Power cables are used for distributing electricity in buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. They range from low-voltage wiring to medium- and high-voltage systems, often featuring armor or shielding to withstand mechanical damage and electromagnetic interference. Communication cables carry data or telecommunication signals and include twisted pair, coaxial, and shielded variants. Fiber optic cables use glass or plastic fibers to convey light, offering high bandwidth and electrical isolation.

Construction elements typically include a conductor material (commonly copper or aluminum), insulation (such as PVC or XLPE), one or more shielding layers (foil or braiding), an outer protective jacket (PVC, LSZH, or similar compounds), and sometimes armor or strength members. Cables are designed to meet electrical, thermal, and mechanical specifications, including voltage rating, temperature rating, flame resistance, and environmental exposure.

Standards and safety play a central role in cable design and testing. International and national bodies, such as IEC, NEC, ISO, and UL, publish specifications covering performance, installation practices, and testing methods. Installation considerations include proper bend radii, pull tensions, and protection from moisture, chemicals, and physical damage.

Applications span residential, commercial, industrial, automotive, and telecommunications sectors, reflecting cables’ essential function in power delivery and information exchange. Recycling and proper disposal are increasingly emphasized for environmental and safety reasons.