braiding

Braiding is a technique of interlacing three or more strands to form a plait, braid, or woven cord. It can be applied to hair, fibers, threads, or leather, and ranges from simple three-strand braids to complex multi-strand patterns. The basic three-strand braid is formed by crossing the outer strands over the middle strand in alternation.

Historically, braiding appears in many cultures with diverse meanings and functions. In Africa, braids are a traditional form of adornment and social signaling, with regional patterns conveying age, clan, or status. In Europe and Asia, braids appear in ceremonial dress and daily styling. In the Americas, braiding is found among Indigenous communities and later immigrant groups. In modern times, braiding has become a global fashion and an industry, including salons and mobile artisans.

Techniques vary by pattern. Basic three-strand braid; French braid where strands are added as you proceed; Dutch braid, which sits flat against the head; fishtail braid, Z-pattern, rope braid (two-strand twist), and other decorative weaves. Braiding can incorporate extensions or be done with natural hair. Finishing typically uses elastics, pins, and sometimes beads or cuffs.

Braiding serves practical and decorative purposes, including hair management, protective styling, and personal or cultural expression. In textiles, plaiting refers to interlacing fibers to create cords, belts, or fabric elements. In craft contexts, braiding techniques underpin basketry, leatherwork, and jewelry.

See also: plait, weaving, cord weaving.