jewelry

Jewelry refers to adornment worn to enhance appearance or signal status. Pieces include rings, necklaces, bracelets, earrings, brooches, and anklets. It is made from metals such as gold, silver, and platinum, and may include gemstones, pearls, beads, or enamel. Jewelry serves decorative, symbolic, or functional roles and may be worn daily or on special occasions.

Jewelry has a long global history. Early objects used shells, bone, stone, or metal. In many cultures jewelry signified status, religion, or ceremony. Techniques and styles evolved through antiquity, medieval, Renaissance, and modern periods, shaped by region, trade, and material availability.

Materials and techniques: Metals include gold, silver, and platinum, used alone or in alloys such as 14k or 18k. Gemstones such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds are valued for hardness, color, and clarity. Other components include pearls, glass, wood, or enamel. Methods include casting, forging, setting, filigree, and engraving.

Types include rings, necklaces and pendants, bracelets, earrings, brooches, and anklets. Body and fashion jewelry are additional categories; antique and vintage pieces reflect historical styles.

Jewelry often carries cultural significance as a symbol of love, status, or achievement and can function as investment or collectible. Value depends on materials, weight, gemstone quality, craftsmanship, and provenance; appraisals and certifications are common for trade and insurance.

Ethical considerations include responsible sourcing of metals and gemstones, labor practices, and environmental impact. Lab-grown diamonds and recycled metals offer alternatives to traditional mining. Conservation of historical pieces and proper restoration are part of heritage stewardship.

Care and maintenance include regular cleaning, safe storage, and avoiding chemicals that can damage metals or stones. Distinguishing karat purity and carat weight helps assess value and properties.