necklaces

A necklace is an article of jewelry worn around the neck, typically consisting of a chain or cord with a decorative element such as a pendant, bead, or gemstone. It may be designed for fashion, symbolism, or personal adornment and is fastened with a clasp or tied.

Necklaces are categorized by style and construction, including chain necklaces with various link types such as cable, curb, box, Figaro, rope, snake, and satellite; pendant necklaces that feature a focal element; chokers that fit closely to the neck; and longer forms such as matinee and opera styles. Other variants include lariat, bib, and collar necklaces.

Common materials include metals such as gold, silver, and platinum, often alloyed for strength; stainless steel; and nonmetal elements like beads, glass, ceramic, wood, shells, or fabric. Gemstones, pearls, enamel, and diamonds are frequently set or threaded into designs. Clasp types include lobster claw, spring ring, toggle, box, and barrel clasps.

History shows necklaces dating to ancient civilizations, where they signified status, wealth, or talismans. They evolved with trade and fashion, from gold torque pieces in Europe to beaded torques in the Americas and diverse designs worldwide. In many cultures, necklaces hold ceremonial or symbolic meaning.

Care and sizing: dimensions vary by design; common lengths range from about 14 inches (choker) to 30 inches (matinee/longer). Care includes cleaning per material (gentle soap for metals, pearls require special care), avoiding harsh chemicals, and storing separately to prevent scratching.

Ethical considerations include sourcing of metals and stones, labor conditions, and the environmental impact of mining and processing. See also jewelry and gemstones.