talismans

A talisman is an object believed to possess magical powers that bring good luck or protect the bearer. Unlike an amulet, which is primarily defensive, a talisman is often associated with influencing events or outcomes through intention, symbolism, or ritual. Talismans can be worn, carried, or placed in environments and are common across many cultures.

Historically, talismans appear in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece and Rome, medieval Europe, Islamic and Jewish magical traditions, and East Asian practices. They may be inscribed with sacred names, runes, planetary symbols, or geometric designs; made from metal, stone, crystals, wood, or parchment; and sometimes bound to a person or place through blessing, consecration, or ritual.

Creation and use: The practice often involves designating a desired outcome, selecting appropriate symbols or inscriptions, and performing rites to empower the object. Some talismans are personalized to an individual's name or birth data, others are generically symbol-laden. They may be worn as jewelry, carried in a pocket, or placed in homes or vehicles to summon protection, luck, health, or success.

Scholarly view: Talismans are studied as cultural artifacts reflecting beliefs about causation, agency, and ritual. While many adherents report subjective benefits, there is no scientific evidence supporting causal efficacy, and talismans are treated as symbolic or psychological aids in modern ethnography and history.