Nivelkulumaan

Nivelkulumaan, often referred to as osteoarthritis in English, is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, the protective tissue that cushions the ends of bones in a joint. This wear and tear can lead to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility in the affected joints. While it can affect any joint, it is most commonly found in the hands, knees, hips, and spine.

The exact cause of nivelkulumaan is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of factors including aging, genetic predisposition, previous joint injuries, obesity, and overuse of certain joints. As cartilage deteriorates, bones can rub against each other, causing inflammation, pain, and the formation of bone spurs.

Symptoms typically develop gradually and can vary in severity. Common signs include persistent joint pain that may worsen with activity and improve with rest, stiffness especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity, and a grating sensation or sound when moving the joint. Swelling and a decrease in the range of motion are also characteristic.

Diagnosis is usually made based on a physical examination, a review of the patient's medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays, which can reveal cartilage loss and bone changes. While there is no cure for nivelkulumaan, management focuses on relieving symptoms and improving function. Treatment options include pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy to strengthen muscles around the joint and improve flexibility, weight management to reduce stress on joints, and in severe cases, surgery to repair or replace the damaged joint.