Mikroprismat

Mikroprismat is a term used in optics to describe micro-scale prismatic structures used to manipulate light at small scales. It can refer to single microscale prisms or arrays of prisms integrated into optical components. The wording is not standardized across industries, but the concept centers on shaping, redirecting, or distributing light with high spatial precision at micrometer dimensions.

Design and variants often involve either individual prisms with well-defined wedge angles or patterned arrays that produce desired angular distributions. Mikroprismats can be arranged in two-dimensional or three-dimensional configurations to control illumination, diffusion, or beam splitting in compact optical assemblies. Materials commonly used include transparent polymers and glass, chosen for mechanical durability and fabrication compatibility. Surface quality, edge sharpness, and precise angular tolerances are critical to performance.

Manufacturing methods encompass micro-molding, laser micromachining, ion milling, and lithographic patterning, frequently combined with anti-reflective or tailored coatings to improve efficiency. Integration into devices such as microdisplay modules, camera optics, light guides, or sensor packages is a common application pathway.

Applications span consumer electronics, automotive imaging, and photonics research, where compact light management is essential. Advantages of mikroprismats include reduced component count, light weight, and the ability to tailor angular light distribution without bulky optics. Limitations involve chromatic dispersion, alignment sensitivity, scattering at rough interfaces, and manufacturing costs at very tight tolerances.

See also: micro-optics, prism, micro-lens array, light shaping.