transparent

Transparent is an adjective with two principal senses. In physics and everyday use, it denotes the property of a material or medium that allows light to pass through with minimal absorption or scattering, so objects on the far side can be seen clearly. In a figurative sense, transparent describes something that is easy to perceive or understand, or processes that are open and free of hidden agendas.

Etymology: the term comes from the Latin transparens, from trans- “through” + parere “to appear,” via the French form transparent. It has a long history in optics and philosophy as a contrast to opaque or translucent.

In materials science, transparency depends on transmission across the visible spectrum and low scattering. Common transparent materials include glass and many clear plastics. Transparency can be reduced by impurities, coatings, surface roughness, or reflection at interfaces. When a material is colored or tinted, it may remain partially transparent or become opaque depending on wavelength and concentration.

In governance, business, and journalism, transparency refers to openness of actions, decisions, and data. It aims to enable accountability, reduce miscommunication, and foster trust, often through disclosures, traceability, and accessible information.

In technology and science, transparency appears in various forms, including optical transparency, display technologies, and attempts at transparent electronics or systems that hide complexity while remaining observable.

Culturally, Transparent is also the title of a 2014–2019 American television series created by Jill Soloway, centered on a family and exploring gender identity and family dynamics.