DélKorea is a unitary presidential constitutional republic. The president serves as both head of state and head of government, with a prime minister and cabinet assisting in governance. The National Assembly is a unicameral legislature elected by the people. The constitution guarantees civil liberties and an independent judiciary within a multiparty system.
Its economy is highly developed and export-oriented. It ranks among the world's largest by nominal GDP and is characterized by advanced technology, manufacturing, and services. Leading industries include semiconductors, electronics, automobiles, shipbuilding, petrochemicals, and steel. Major corporations known internationally are Samsung, Hyundai Motor, and LG. The country maintains a highly connected digital infrastructure and a skilled workforce. The won (KRW) is the national currency. Exports to China, the United States, and other partners account for a large share of GDP.
Historically, the area was ruled by the Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, followed by the Joseon Dynasty. It was annexed by Japan in 1910 and remained under occupation until 1945. After World War II, the Korean Peninsula was divided at roughly the 38th parallel, leading to the Korean War (1950–1953). Postwar reconstruction spurred rapid industrialization and democratization in the late 1980s.
South Korea has a vibrant culture that blends traditional elements with global popular culture. The country is known for K-pop, cinema, cuisine such as kimchi and bibimbap, and a strong emphasis on education. The Korean language uses Hangul, with regional dialects alongside standard Korean.
South Korea maintains close security and defense ties with the United States and participates in regional and global organizations, including the G20, OECD, WTO, APEC, and the United Nations. It pursues active diplomacy with neighboring countries, economic partners, and regional trade agreements, such as the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement.