Japan

Japan is a sovereign island nation in East Asia, located in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It comprises four main islands—Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku—and numerous smaller ones. The archipelago features mountains, forests, and coastlines, and experiences earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic activity. Climate ranges from temperate in the north to subtropical in the south.

Japan has about 125 million residents. The official language is Japanese, written with kanji and two syllabaries, hiragana and katakana. Population density is concentrated in urban areas such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya. Education is highly valued and participation in science and technology is strong, supported by a robust research sector.

Japan is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. The Emperor holds a largely ceremonial role, while the Prime Minister and cabinet exercise executive power. The National Diet, a bicameral legislature, includes the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. Local government is organized into prefectures and municipalities.

Japan ranks among the world's largest economies, with advanced manufacturing and services. Key industries include automobiles, electronics, robotics, and precision machinery. The country is known for its innovation, global brands, and integrated supply chains, while importing energy and certain raw materials to support industry.

Culturally, Japan blends traditional arts with modern popular culture. Historic practices such as tea ceremony, calligraphy, and flower arrangement coexist with contemporary media, fashion, and cuisine. Tourism centers on cities like Tokyo and Kyoto, landscapes such as Mount Fuji, and a broad range of cultural and natural heritage.