The exact cause of artròsis is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Aging is a significant risk factor, as cartilage naturally deteriorates with time. Obesity, joint injuries, repetitive stress on joints, and certain occupations that involve heavy labor or repetitive motions also increase the likelihood of developing the condition. Additionally, genetic predisposition may play a role, as the disease sometimes runs in families.
Symptoms of artròsis typically develop gradually and may include joint pain, particularly after physical activity or at rest, swelling around affected joints, reduced range of motion, and a grating sensation when moving the joint (crepitus). In some cases, joint deformities may develop over time. Unlike inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, artròsis is not typically associated with systemic symptoms like fever or fatigue.
Diagnosis is usually based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound. These tests help assess cartilage loss, bone changes, and joint space narrowing. Blood tests are generally not useful for diagnosing artròsis but may help rule out other conditions.
Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a healthy weight, regular low-impact exercise, and avoiding joint stress, are often recommended. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may provide temporary relief. Physical therapy can improve joint flexibility and strength. In severe cases, assistive devices like braces or canes may be helpful. Surgical options, including joint replacement or osteotomy, are considered when conservative treatments fail to provide adequate relief.