Overthecounter

Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are drugs that can be bought without a prescription. They are intended for common, self-limiting conditions and are considered safe when used according to the labeling. OTC status distinguishes these products from prescription medicines, which require authorization from a health professional.

OTC products span many therapeutic areas, including pain relief (acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), cough and cold remedies, allergy and asthma treatments, heartburn and acid-reduction products, antidiarrheals, laxatives, and topical agents such as antiseptics and skin medications. Many vitamins and dietary supplements are sold OTC as well, though they are regulated under different rules in some jurisdictions.

Regulatory systems require safety evaluation and clear labeling with indications, dosing guidance, warnings, and information on interactions and contraindications. In the United States, the FDA manages an OTC Drug Review process to establish monographs or approve prescription-to-OTC switches. Other regions rely on national or regional agencies to authorize non-prescription medicines and set labeling standards.

Use is generally guided by the label; misuses include exceeding recommended doses, using multiple products with the same active ingredient, or using OTCs in situations where a professional diagnosis is advised. Caution is advised for children, pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, older adults, and those taking other medicines. Seek medical advice for persistent, severe, or unusual symptoms.

OTC availability and naming vary by country, reflecting different regulatory approaches and healthcare systems. The term is often used interchangeably with non-prescription medicines.