scalare

Scalare, scientifically known as Pterophyllum scalare, is a freshwater cichlid species native to the Amazon Basin in South America. It is a popular aquarium fish, prized for its tall, laterally compressed body and long dorsal and anal fins, which give it a distinctive angelfish silhouette.

Distribution and habitat

Scalare inhabits slow-moving, blackwater rivers and flooded forests across parts of the Amazon basin, including regions of Brazil, Peru, and neighboring countries. In the wild it favors soft, acidic to mildly acidic water with a pH near 6.0–7.5 and temperatures typically in the range of 24–28°C (75–82°F). The species often occupies shaded areas with aquatic vegetation and submerged structures that provide cover.

Description

Adults generally reach about 15 cm (approximately 6 inches) in length, with a tall, graceful profile and elongated fins. Juveniles exhibit vertical dark barring that may fade or change with age or during stress. In the aquarium trade, numerous color morphs exist, including silver, gold, marble, and black forms. Sex differences are subtle, making reliable breeding pairs typically identified by behavior and pairing rather than obvious physical cues.

Behavior and care

Scalare are peaceful with many mid-sized tank mates but can become territorial during breeding. They prefer planted tanks with ample vertical surfaces, such as plants, driftwood, or slate, to mimic natural territory boundaries. A minimum of around 30 gallons is recommended for a pair, with stable water conditions and gentle filtration to avoid strong currents.

Diet

They are omnivorous, accepting high-quality flakes or pellets and supplementing with frozen or live foods such as brine shrimp, daphnia, and bloodworms. Feeding should be in small, multiple portions daily to support growth and health.

Breeding

In captivity, scalare are substrate spawners. Pairs lay eggs on flat surfaces, and both parents typically guard the clutch and fry. Incubation lasts approximately 48–60 hours, and the fry become free-swimming after about 5–7 days, requiring abundant live foods to grow.

Conservation and trade

Scalare is widely bred in captivity and not currently listed as endangered. Wild populations may be affected by habitat loss in parts of the Amazon, but responsible breeding and trade continue to support the species in the aquarium hobby.