fade

Fade is a gradual change in the strength of a signal, image, or material property, such as brightness, color, or sound, typically over a defined span of time. It may lead toward a target state such as full visibility, full volume, or complete darkness. Fades are commonly used to signal transitions, changes in mood, or the passage of time. The term is used across media, performing arts, and technology.

In film and video, a fade describes a transition in which the current image gradually becomes black (fade-out) or from black to a new image (fade-in). A crossfade overlays the outgoing and incoming images. Fades can indicate a passage of time, a change of location, or a shift in narrative tone. The duration is typically measured in seconds or frames.

In music and audio production, a fade-in gradually increases volume from silence to a target level, while a fade-out reduces volume toward silence. Fades can be applied to individual tracks or entire mixes and are a fundamental tool in arranging and mixing. In digital audio workstations, fades can be shaped with envelopes or automation curves.

In stage lighting and live events, fades are accomplished by smoothly adjusting dimmers or lighting fixtures to change brightness over time, often coordinated with the music or action on stage.

In imaging, fading can describe the loss or reduction of color intensity due to exposure to light or aging. In textiles and printing, fabrics and dyes may fade when exposed to light, heat, or washing, altering appearance over time. In graphic design, fade effects reduce opacity to create layered transparency.