angelfish

Angelfish is a common name applied to several groups of fish, rather than a single species. The term covers two main lineages: freshwater angelfish of the genus Pterophyllum, and marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. Because the groups are not closely related, they differ in appearance, habitat, and care requirements.

Freshwater angelfish are cichlids native to the Amazon basin and adjacent river systems in South America. The most widely kept species are Pterophyllum scalare and Pterophyllum altum, with several color varieties. They have a tall, laterally compressed body and can reach several inches in height. In the wild they inhabit slow-moving, richly vegetated waters and prefer stable conditions. In aquariums they are typically kept in pairs or small groups with plenty of vertical structure. They are omnivorous, feeding on prepared foods as well as live or frozen fare. Breeding involves a monogamous pair that lays eggs on flat surfaces; both parents guard and fan the eggs until they hatch.

Marine angelfish include many species within genera such as Pomacanthus and Centropyge. They are typically found on tropical reefs and range from small dwarf angels to large, more robust species. They often display bright, intricate coloration and are known for territorial behavior, especially in reef ecosystems. Diets vary by species, from algae and sponges to invertebrates; in captivity some will nip at other invertebrates or corals, making reef compatibility a consideration for hobbyists.

Conservation status in the wild varies by species, with habitat loss, overcollection, and water quality concerns affecting some populations.