tropical

Tropical describes things related to the tropics, the band of Earth roughly between the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the south. This region extends to about 23.5 degrees north and south of the equator and includes many areas with warm or hot weather year-round.

In climate terms, tropical regions typically feature little seasonal temperature variation, with mean annual temperatures often around 25 to 28°C. Many tropical areas experience substantial rainfall, though patterns vary: some have rain throughout the year, while others have distinct wet and dry seasons. Common tropical climates include rainforest, monsoon, and savanna patterns, each with characteristic precipitation and vegetation.

Tropical ecosystems are noted for high biodiversity and complex ecological interactions. Tropical rainforests host a vast array of plant and animal life, while mangroves, tropical dry forests, and savannas support different communities. Soils in these areas can be highly weathered and nutrient-poor, with ecosystems relying on rapid plant growth and fast nutrient cycling to sustain communities.

Humans have long inhabited tropical regions, and the area is home to diverse cultures, languages, and economies. Agriculture often centers on tropical crops such as bananas, coconuts, cacao, coffee, and sugarcane. Public health in tropical zones faces challenges from diseases that are less common in temperate regions, including malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika.

Beyond geography and science, the term tropical also appears in art, design, and culture to evoke warm climates, lush vegetation, and a relaxed aesthetic associated with the tropics.