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Flags are pieces of cloth used as symbols, signals, or markers. They convey identity and messages without words and are widely used by nations, organizations, communities, and individuals. Flags are displayed on flagpoles, carried in processions, or used as banners at ceremonies, stadiums, and public events. The study of flags, vexillology, explores design, symbolism, history, and usage.

Design elements are typically simple and highly recognizable. Most flags are rectangular, though some are pennants or swallowtails. Common features include fields of color, geometric shapes, and emblems such as coats of arms, crosses, or stars. Colors and symbols are chosen to express cultural values, historical associations, or affiliations. The layout often includes a hoist (the side near the pole) and a fly (the free end), and many flags incorporate a canton or central emblem to aid identification at a distance.

Types of flags include national flags, subnational or regional flags, municipal or city flags, corporate or organizational banners, and nautical signal flags used in maritime communication. In addition, many traditions employ ceremonial flags for parades, sports, or state functions. Flags may also serve as signaling devices in military or civil contexts, where specific colors and patterns denote units, ranks, or messages.

Display and etiquette vary by culture but commonly include guidelines for when to raise or lower flags, lighting at night, and respectful handling. Flags can be flown at half-mast to mark mourning or tragedy, and worn or tattered flags are typically retired properly. The symbolism and laws surrounding flags reflect a culture’s history, values, and social norms.