hoist

A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a load. It typically combines a lifting mechanism, such as a drum or lifting wheel around which a rope or chain winds, with a hook or other attachment and a drive mechanism that powers the ascent or descent. Hoists can be operated manually, or powered by electricity, hydraulics, or pneumatics. The term also refers to the act of lifting itself. Hoisting equipment has evolved from simple pulley systems to powered units used in many industries.

Common types include chain hoists and wire rope hoists. Manual chain hoists rely on a hand chain to operate the lifting drum, while motorized versions use electric motors and gear trains. Wire rope hoists use steel wire rope and are frequently installed on cranes or gantries, often with trolleys to move the hoist along a beam. Hydraulic and pneumatic hoists provide lifting force in environments where electric sparks must be avoided or where precise, heavy lifting is required. Hoists may be portable or fixed, and can be integrated into larger crane systems with traversing carts and beams.

Applications span construction, manufacturing, warehousing, shipyards, and stage rigging in theaters. Selection considerations include load rating, lift height, speed, and duty cycle. Safety features such as braking systems, limit switches, and overload protection are standard, and proper installation, regular inspection, and operator training are required by many jurisdictions. Improper use or maintenance can result in dropped loads, cable or chain failure, and serious injuries.