crane

A crane is a large bird belonging to the family Gruidae, as well as a type of lifting machine used in construction and other industries. The two meanings describe unrelated concepts that share the same name.

Crane birds are tall, long-legged wading birds with long necks and pointed bills. Plumage varies by species, commonly gray or white with contrasting wing patterns. They perform elaborate courtship dances and are generally monogamous, forming pair bonds for breeding seasons. Cranes inhabit wetlands, rivers, and grasslands across many regions, excluding Antarctica. Their diet includes plant matter, seeds, small vertebrates, insects, and amphibians. Most species migrate or nomadically move with seasonal changes. Breeding involves a nest on the ground or in shallow water, and clutches typically contain two eggs. Several crane species are threatened by habitat loss and hunting, with conservation concerns varying by region.

Crane (machine) refers to devices used to lift and move heavy loads. Common types include tower cranes used on construction sites for tall structures; mobile cranes that can travel to sites; overhead cranes installed in factories; and jib or knuckle cranes for lighter, precise tasks. A crane consists of a lifting mechanism (hoist), a boom or jib, a slewing unit to rotate, and counterweights to balance loads. Operators use load charts to determine safe capacities. Cranes enable elevation and horizontal movement of materials, improving efficiency but posing safety risks if overloaded or operated without proper training.