markers

Markers are writing and drawing instruments that deposit pigment-based ink on a surface through a porous tip, typically made of felt or other synthetic fibers. Most markers contain a sealed reservoir, a nib that feeds ink, and a cap to prevent drying.

There are several families of markers. Water-based markers use water-soluble inks and are usually inexpensive, low-odor, and easy to clean; they work well on paper and some porous surfaces. Alcohol-based markers use solvent inks, producing vivid colors and smooth blends for illustration, but can bleed on thin paper. Permanent markers use stronger solvents and are designed to resist fading on many surfaces; whiteboard markers use dry-erase ink that can be wiped away from non-porous boards.

Tips on tips: markers vary in tip shapes, including bullet, chisel, and brush tips, and many markers are dual-tip. Tip choice affects line width, texture, and blending.

Common uses include labeling, artwork, education, and industrial coding. They are used on paper, cardboard, plastic, glass, metal, and fabric, though ink compatibility and washability vary; high-absorbency surfaces can cause bleed-through or feathering.

Care and safety: recap after use to prevent drying, store upright in a cool place, and follow manufacturer guidance for age suitability. Some markers are labeled non-toxic, but inks may still irritate skin or eyes; avoid ingestion.

Environmental considerations: many markers are not easily recycled; some brands offer refillable or recyclable options and marker-collection programs.