cardboard

Cardboard is a thick, paper-based material used for packaging, shipping containers, displays, and various consumer products. The term commonly refers to two main types: corrugated cardboard, which consists of a fluted sheet sandwiched between two linerboards, and solid paperboard, a dense continuous sheet often used for cereal boxes, book covers, and retail packaging. In practice, many everyday boxes are corrugated cardboard, while product cartons and similar packaging use paperboard.

Corrugated cardboard is typically described by wall count: single-wall has one corrugated layer, double-wall has two, and triple-wall has three. The fluted layer provides rigidity and cushioning, while the outer liners protect contents. Paperboard comes in varying thicknesses and finishes, and can be coated or uncoated depending on its intended use. Common flute profiles include A, B, C, and E, each offering different strengths and cushioning characteristics.

Manufacture and properties: Cardboard is made from wood pulp or recycled fiber, formed into sheets and bonded with adhesives. Corrugated boards often use moisture-resistant coatings or printing inks for branding. Cardboard is lightweight, relatively strong for its weight, and has good dimensional stability, though it can be affected by moisture and grease.

History and use: Corrugated cardboard emerged in the 19th century and became widely used for packaging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Today it is the standard material for shipping boxes and retail packaging, valued for protection, stackability, and recyclability. Environmental considerations include recyclability and sorting requirements; contaminated or coated materials may require specialized recycling streams. Cardboard is also widely used in crafts, displays, and temporary structures.