bonded

Bonded is an adjective used across several fields to indicate that something is secured, held together, or guaranteed by a bond or bonding process. The exact meaning depends on context, but it generally denotes a formal link or obligation that restricts access or ensures performance.

In chemistry and materials science, bonded describes atoms or groups connected by chemical bonds. Bond types include covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds. Bonded molecules have shared electrons, electrostatic attractions between ions, or a lattice of interacting electrons. Bonds determine structure, reactivity, and properties such as melting and boiling points, strength of materials, and conductivity.

In law, regulation, and risk management, to be bonded means that a person or business has posted a bond as a guarantee with a government agency, court, or other authority. This provides financial protection and assurances of compliance. Common examples include contractor license bonds, which guarantee proper licensing and performance; customs bonds, which secure duties and fees in import/export; and performance or payment bonds used in construction projects.

In international trade and logistics, a bonded status or bonded warehouse refers to goods stored under a customs bond. Duties, taxes, and sometimes import requirements are deferred until the goods are released for domestic consumption, re-exported, or otherwise disposed of under approved procedures.

In public finance, bonded debt refers to borrowings raised through the sale of bonds that are repaid from specified revenue sources or tax pledges. Municipal and corporate financing often relies on such instruments, linking debt obligations to designated revenue streams.

Overall, bonded signifies a formal linkage that creates a guarantee, attachment, or control mechanism across disciplines.