otherwise

Otherwise is a versatile English word that functions mainly as an adverb and as a coordinating conjunction. As an adverb, it means in other respects, differently, or to a different extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a consequence or an alternative: “We should hurry, otherwise we’ll miss the train.” In other contexts it can mean “except as noted” or “if not.”

Etymology and forms: The word derives from other + -wise, a suffix meaning manner. Its roots lie in Old English and other Germanic sources. The modern one‑word form has been in use since the Middle English period, attested from around the 14th century. The suffix -wise appears in other phrases such as clockwise and lengthwise, illustrating the sense “in a particular manner.”

Usage notes: In formal and general writing, otherwise expresses contrast or contingency. It can modify adjectives or verbs, as in “The plan was otherwise sound” or “The patient was otherwise healthy.” In everyday speech it often introduces a quick conditional: “We should go, otherwise we’ll be late.” It is closely related to synonyms such as else and phrases like “in other respects,” and it helps hedge statements by signaling that there is more to consider beyond what is stated.

Overall, otherwise is a common, flexible word in English that helps connect alternatives, exceptions, and contrasting information in a concise way.