jharokha

A jharokha is a projecting, enclosed balcony or window opening that extends from the facade of a building. It is a defining element of Indian architecture, especially in Rajput and Mughal styles, and is typically set within a decorative frame of arches, brackets, and latticework. The term is commonly used in Hindi and Urdu.

Architectural features: Jharokhas are cantilevered or supported by brackets or corbels and may be multi-storied. They are often enclosed by jaali screens or wooden lattice, with intricate carvings, perforations, or marble inlay. The projection provides shade and a vantage point while maintaining privacy.

Function and social context: In royal residences, jharokhas served as lookout points for observing processions, court gatherings, and street activity. They also functioned as controlled spaces for the ladies of the household to observe public life while observing purdah. In palace façades, jharokhas contribute to the light, air, and decorative rhythm of the building.

Regional presence and notable examples: Jharokhas are prominent in Rajasthan's palaces, including Udaipur and Jodhpur, and in Mughal-era forts and palaces such as those in Agra and Fatehpur Sikri. The city palace façades and the Hawa Mahal in Jaipur are famous for rows of jharokha-like windows that create a honeycomb profile.

Etymology: The word jharokha derives from the Hindustani term for window or balcony, borrowed from Persian and regional languages, and is used across northern Indian architectural discourse.

Modern usage and heritage: Jharokhas continue to influence contemporary architecture and design in India and abroad. They are preserved as heritage elements in historic monuments and are a popular feature in architectural photography and tourism.