Rajput

Rajput refers to a broad set of clans and communities in northern and western India, especially Rajasthan. The term is often linked to the Sanskrit rajaputra, “son of a king,” but its exact origin and usage vary. Rajput is commonly treated as a social category or caste group rather than a single ethnicity, comprising dozens of lineages united by martial traditions and ritual codes of honor.

Historically, Rajputs rose to prominence in the early medieval period and established regional polities across present-day Rajasthan, Gujarat, Malwa, and northern Madhya Pradesh. Major dynasties include the Chauhans of Ajmer and Delhi, the Pratiharas, the Sisodias of Mewar, the Rathores of Marwar, the Kachwahas of Amber, and the Solankis. These kingdoms competed with rival dynasties and later with Islamic empires, shaping Hindu and regional politics up to the Mughal era.

Culture and social organization center on clan networks (gotras) and kinship ties. A tradition of martial valor, honor, and loyalty has been emphasized in historical accounts, with roles in fort warfare, defense of territory, and elaborate marriage alliances. Hindu Rajputs are predominant, though Jain Rajput communities have also been significant in parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat. Customary practices vary by region and clan.

During the Mughal period, many Rajput rulers formed alliances with the emperors, serving as jagirdars and high-ranking administrators, while others resisted and maintained autonomous principalities. Notable examples include alliances with rulers of Amber and Marwar, and the resistance of Mewar led by Rana Pratap.

In modern India, Rajput is a broad socio-political category with substantial populations in Rajasthan and neighboring states. They continue to influence regional politics and culture, maintain genealogical lineages, and preserve traditional arts, dances such as ghoomar, and festivals that celebrate Rajput heritage.