Malwa

Malwa is a historical and geographical region in central India, spanning parts of western Madhya Pradesh and eastern Rajasthan. The core of Malwa is the Malwa Plateau, a volcanic basalt plateau that forms much of the region’s topography. The area is bounded by the Vindhya Range to the south, the Aravalli Range to the west and north, and the Narmada valley marking the eastern edge in many definitions. The Shipra River flows through Ujjain, and the Narmada and its tributaries drain parts of the plateau. The region is known for its fertile soils and varied agriculture.

Geography and landforms define Malwa as a high, fairly arid plateau transitioning into river valleys. Elevations typically range from several hundred meters above sea level, with river basins contributing to irrigation and settlements. The Deccan Traps lava flows that formed the plateau contribute to the region’s characteristic basaltic soil and rock features.

Historically, Malwa has been a significant political and cultural center. The ancient city of Ujjain served as a major religious and learning hub and was the capital of the Paramara dynasty. In the late medieval period, the Malwa Sultanate ruled the region from centers such as Mandu and Dhar. The area later came under Mughal suzerainty and, in the 18th and 19th centuries, was governed by Maratha powers, notably the Holkar dynasty centered in Indore. After India’s independence, Malwa was incorporated into the state of Madhya Pradesh, with some border adjustments with Rajasthan.

Culturally, Malwa is associated with the Malvi language and a distinct regional heritage. Its major cities include Ujjain, Indore, and Dhar, with Mandu (Mandav) and other historic sites reflecting the region’s architectural and religious traditions. Malwa remains a recognizable historical and cultural realm within central India.