diastasis

Diastasis is a medical term describing a separation or gap between two normally joined or closely adjacent structures. It is used across specialties to denote widening of a tissue plane, joint, or dental gap that is not present in typical anatomy.

Diastasis recti refers to separation of the left and right abdominal muscles along the midline (the linea alba). It commonly occurs during and after pregnancy but can also arise from rapid weight gain or aging. Symptoms include a midline bulge with abdominal strain and core weakness. Diagnosis is by physical examination and may be confirmed with ultrasound. Management emphasizes gradual core and pelvic-floor strengthening exercises and physical therapy; avoidance of strenuous abdominal exercises early on. Surgical repair, such as abdominoplasty, is reserved for persistent or severe cases after nonoperative care.

Diastasis of the pubic symphysis is widening of the joint at the front of the pelvis, which can occur during childbirth or after trauma. It may cause pelvic pain, instability, and difficulty walking. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and imaging (X-ray or MRI). Treatment typically includes rest, analgesia, pelvic support, and activity modification; surgery is rare and reserved for severe or refractory cases.

In dentistry, diastema refers to gaps between teeth, most commonly between the upper central incisors. Causes include natural development, tooth size discrepancies, tongue thrust, or an oversized labial frenum. Small diastemas may close with orthodontics; larger spaces can be treated with braces, dental bonding, veneers, or crowns.