gap

Gap is a term used to denote a space or opening between two things or a break in continuity. It can also indicate a disparity or difference, such as a knowledge gap, a generation gap, or an income gap.

In science and mathematics, gap appears in terms like the band gap in solid-state physics, energy gaps in particle physics, and the spectral gap in quantum mechanics. In data analysis and statistics, a gap may describe missing values or a break in a time series, affecting interpretation and modeling.

In geography, a gap can mean a pass or low point through a mountain range, sometimes called a gap, col, or saddle, which can influence travel routes and drainage patterns. Gaps can also shape ecological and hydrological processes in the landscape.

In social sciences and public policy, the term gap is used to describe disparities among groups, such as the achievement gap in education, or wealth and gender gaps, which researchers study to understand unequal outcomes and opportunities.

As a corporate name, Gap Inc. is a multinational clothing retailer founded in 1969 by Donald and Doris Fisher. The company operates retail brands including Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, and Athleta, with stores and online operations worldwide.