dentistry

Dentistry is the branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the teeth, gums, and supporting oral structures. Its aim is to preserve oral health, maintain function, and relieve pain.

The field encompasses preventive care such as oral hygiene instruction and prophylaxis, as well as restorative and surgical procedures. Core specialties include general dentistry, endodontics, periodontics, orthodontics, prosthodontics, and oral and maxillofacial surgery; pediatric dentistry focuses on children. Additional areas include oral medicine, pathology, radiology, and dental public health.

Education typically requires a professional degree such as a Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Medicine in Dentistry (DMD), followed by licensure and ongoing continuing education. Dental teams may include hygienists, assistants, and laboratory technicians, with practice settings ranging from private clinics to hospitals and public health programs.

Dentistry has ancient roots and has evolved with advances in anesthesia, sterilization, imaging, and materials science. The modern profession emphasizes evidence-based practice and patient-centered care, with ongoing work to improve pain control, aesthetics, and functional outcomes.

Public health aspects address disease prevention, fluoride use, sealants, and access to care. Innovations in digital dentistry, including computer-aided design and manufacturing, intraoral scanners, and 3D printing, are increasingly integrated into diagnosis and treatment planning and delivery.