exercises

Exercise refers to planned, structured physical activity undertaken to improve or maintain physical fitness, health, or athletic performance. It is typically repeatable, progressive, and performed at effort beyond ordinary daily activity. The term can also describe cognitive or mental exercises aimed at improving memory or problem-solving, though most discussions focus on bodily movement and its effects on the body.

Physical exercises are commonly categorized by goal and method: aerobic (endurance) exercises such as walking, running, cycling, or swimming; resistance or strength training using weights or bodyweight; flexibility exercises that stretch muscles and joints; balance work to improve stability; and functional or sport-specific training that mirrors real-world tasks.

Regular exercise benefits multiple body systems and lifestyles. It improves cardiovascular health, helps regulate weight, strengthens bones and muscles, enhances metabolic control and insulin sensitivity, and supports mental health by reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Consistent activity is associated with lower risks of many chronic diseases, better sleep, and improved quality of life.

Guidelines emphasize safety and progression. Most health authorities recommend adults accumulate at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, plus two or more days of muscle-strengthening exercises, with adjustments for age, ability, and medical conditions. Beginners should start gradually, include warm-ups and cool-downs, stay hydrated, and seek professional advice when starting new, high-intensity programs.