counterthrow

Counterthrow is a grappling term describing a technique that uses an opponent’s throwing attempt to execute a throw in return, typically reversing the attacker’s momentum and projecting them instead. It is a form of counter technique common to many throwing arts, including judo, wrestling, sambo, and aikido. In Japanese martial arts, kaeshi-waza encompasses counter techniques that respond to an opponent’s nage-waza move, turning the aggressor’s energy back on them. The concept hinges on kuzushi (off-balancing) and timely entry, so the defender’s action redirects the thrower’s momentum rather than meeting force head-on.

Execution generally involves recognizing an attack early, maintaining a defensive posture, and entering with the correct step, hip position, and grip to intercept the throw. The counter typically finishes with the defender throwing the attacker over their own center of gravity, or with a controlled pin or takedown if the throw cannot be completed. Proper counterthrows rely on timing, balance, and body mechanics, and may exploit the attacker’s commitment to their throw.

In training, counterthrows are practiced with attention to safety and breakfalls (ukemi). Drills progress from static setups to live, lightly resisted exchanges, emphasizing control, risk management, and the ability to transition between defense and offense.

See also: kuzushi, kaeshi-waza, ukemi, nage-waza.