instead

Instead is an English word that functions as an adverb and as a conjunctive adverb, signaling substitution or contrast with something previously mentioned or expected. It describes choosing a different option or performing an alternative action. For example: “She stayed at home instead,” and “Instead, they decided to wait.” When used with the preposition “of,” it forms the phrase “instead of” to introduce the substitute: “He walked instead of taking the bus.”

Etymology: The word derives from Middle English in sted, meaning “in place” or “in stead,” from Old English roots. The modern form “instead” coalesced in the late Middle English period and became common by the 15th century.

Usage: As an adverb, “instead” can modify a verb or clause; as a prepositional phrase, it follows the construction “instead of” to specify the substitute, typically followed by a noun or gerund: “instead of coffee, tea” or “instead of going.” It can also begin a sentence to introduce a contrast: “Instead, they opted to wait.” In many contexts, “instead” emphasizes a deliberate replacement or alternative rather than a mere negation.

Related forms and equivalents: Alternatives include phrases like “in place of,” “as a substitute for,” or “as an alternative.” The expression “in lieu of” is a more formal synonym.

See also: in lieu of, as an alternative, replacement, substitution.