bus

A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry multiple passengers. It is used for public transportation, private hire, school transport, and charter services. Buses range in size from small minibuses to double-decker and articulated models. Typical city buses are about 8 to 12 meters long, while articulated buses can exceed 18 meters and are used on high-capacity routes.

Historically, buses originated from horse-drawn omnibuses in the 1820s and 1830s. Motor buses became common in the early 20th century, leading to rapid growth of mass urban transportation. Over time, standards and safety regulations evolved, along with amenities such as heating, seating, and accessible entry.

Core types include urban buses that operate on fixed routes with frequent stops; intercity and coach buses designed for longer travel; school buses in many regions; and specialized variants such as trolleybuses, double-deckers, and articulated buses. Modern buses may be powered by diesel, natural gas, or electricity, and some use hybrid systems. Low-floor designs improve wheelchair accessibility; multiple doors speed passenger flow.

Public transport agencies operate services on scheduled routes, with fare collection often via contactless payment or passes. Real-time tracking, route planners, and mobile apps are common. Bus Rapid Transit projects use dedicated lanes and priority signaling to improve speed and reliability.

Buses reduce road congestion relative to single-occupancy cars and can lower emissions when electrified. Safety features include reinforced structure, seat belts on some models, and driver training. Vehicle standards and regulations vary by country.