posture

Posture refers to the position and alignment of the body’s segments in relation to gravity and to one another, both at rest and during movement. It reflects the distribution of weight across joints, muscles, and connective tissues and influences balance, breathing, and efficiency of movement.

Neutral posture commonly places the ears, shoulders, hips, knees, and ankles in vertical alignment with the spine in its natural curves. Deviations such as forward head, rounded shoulders, excessive thoracic kyphosis, or anterior pelvic tilt are common and can become habitual.

Prolonged poor posture can contribute to neck and back pain, headaches, muscle imbalances, and reduced lung capacity. It is influenced by nonergonomic workspaces, screen-time, weak core muscles, and repetitive or sustained positions. Corrective strategies focus on alignment awareness and balanced strengthening and flexibility.

Assessment ranges from self-checks (standing with the spine against a wall to gauge alignment) to professional evaluation by physical therapists or chiropractors. Management emphasizes ergonomic design, regular movement, core and back strength, shoulder blade stabilization, and stretches for the chest and hip flexors.

Practical guidance includes: monitor height at eye level; chair with lumbar support; feet flat and knees at roughly 90 degrees; avoid cradling devices; alternate sitting and standing; and maintain a supportive sleeping posture with appropriate pillows and mattresses.