Neutral

Neutral describes a state of not taking sides or not carrying a net electrical or chemical charge. It can refer to impartiality in politics, a lack of electrical charge, or chemical balance. The term derives from Latin neuter, meaning neither of two.

In science, neutral has specific meanings. In chemistry, a neutral substance has no net electric charge; a neutral atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons; a neutralization reaction yields a salt and water. In physics and everyday usage, a neutral particle such as a neutron carries no electrical charge. In electricity, a neutral conductor provides a return path for current and is typically at or near ground potential; it is distinguished from live or hot conductors.

In international law and politics, neutrality is the policy of remaining independent in armed conflicts, refusing to support either side. Neutral states must respect belligerents’ rights and may not allow contraband or military forces to use their territory. Switzerland and Sweden have historically pursued neutrality; modern norms recognize the rights and duties of neutrals under the Hague and Geneva conventions.

Other uses involve neutral colors in design, which emphasize balance and legibility, and the broader idea of a neutral stance in discourse or reporting, aiming to present information without bias. The concept helps differentiate between charged or biased positions and objective assessment in various domains.