sitting

Sitting is a static or semi-static posture in which the torso is upright or slightly reclined and supported by the buttocks and thighs, typically resting on a chair, bench, or the floor. In this position, the pelvis and hip joints are flexed, and the knees are usually bent, distributing weight through the lower body.

Postures and variations include standard chair sitting, where hips and knees are often near 90-degree angles; floor-based seated positions such as cross-legged or tailor sitting; and cultural variants like kneeling or squatting in some settings. In East Asian traditions, low seating arrangements and floor cushions are common, while in many Western contexts chairs with back support are standard for daily use.

Biomechanics and health considerations emphasize that sitting transfers weight to the buttocks and thighs and can limit movement. Prolonged sitting reduces energy expenditure and may contribute to hip flexor tightness, gluteal weakness, and lower back strain. A sedentary pattern is associated with increased risks of metabolic and cardiovascular issues. Effective management includes regular movement, ergonomic seating, and attention to spinal alignment.

History and culture note that the widespread use of chairs developed at different times across regions, influenced by social status, architecture, and daily life. Some cultures favor floor seating with cushions or low tables, while others emphasize raised chairs with back support. The diversity of seating practices reflects practical needs and aesthetic preferences.

Ergonomics and recommendations encourage using an adjustable chair with lumbar support, keeping feet flat and thighs parallel to the floor, and maintaining elbows near the body. Breaking up long sitting with short walks, alternating positions, and periodic stretching can reduce discomfort and health risks.