bench

A bench is a long seat designed to accommodate multiple people. It can be freestanding or affixed to the ground and is common in homes, streets, parks, and transit areas. Benches range from backless park benches to models with backs, armrests, or curved forms. The term derives from the Old English benc, meaning a seat or raised place.

Outdoor benches are typically built from wood, metal, or stone and designed to withstand weather and heavy use. Wood types include treated softwoods and durable hardwoods; metal frames are common in steel or aluminum; stone and concrete benches offer long-term durability. Common features include slatted seats, backrests, and reinforced legs.

In public spaces, benches provide seating, shade, and a resting place; armrests aid accessibility, and plaques or inscriptions are sometimes found on dedicatory benches. In private yards, garden benches offer casual seating and can define gathering spaces.

A bench can also be a workbench in workshops and laboratories, a sturdy flat surface for tools, assembly, and testing. Workbenches often include a vise, storage, and surfaces resistant to heat and chemicals.

In sports and broadcasting, the bench refers to substitute players or their seating area.

Some benches serve as memorials or commemorative installations, reflecting social function and design trends.