backrests

Backrests are the vertical portion of seating that supports the back. They are found on chairs, stools, sofas, and vehicle seats, and may be fixed or adjustable. Some backrests include a headrest. The primary function is to provide vertical support, distribute weight, and maintain spinal alignment.

Backrests vary in height, angle, and contour. Ergonomic designs often feature lumbar support, a gentle curve to fit the lower spine, and padding or upholstery. Adjustable backrests allow changes to height, tilt, and sometimes lumbar position or recline, enabling users to customize support. Materials range from rigid wooden frames with minimal padding to fully cushioned, upholstered constructions in fabric, leather, or synthetic coverings. Internal padding commonly uses foam and may include springs or other resilience elements.

In application, backrests are central to office chairs, dining chairs, and sofas; in vehicles, the backrest is linked with the seat back and often includes a reclining mechanism and a head restraint. Historically, backrests became more common and elaborate with upholstery and furniture design developments; modern ergonomic research has driven many adjustable and contoured backrests to reduce fatigue and back pain. Care involves keeping padding clean and letting upholstery breathe; structural frames should be checked for stability.