restraint

Restraint is the act of restricting movement, action, or freedom of choice. It can refer to self-imposed control as well as external measures applied to people, animals, or objects. In everyday use, restraint implies moderation and the avoidance of impulsive behavior; in professional settings, it denotes tools or procedures designed to limit movement or agitation to protect safety or wellbeing.

Self-restraint, or self-control, is the voluntary regulation of desires or impulses through cognitive and behavioral strategies such as setting goals, delaying gratification, or employing coping techniques. Physical restraint refers to devices or methods that limit a person's movement. In healthcare, education, and custodial settings, restraints are used only when necessary to prevent harm, and policies mandate the least restrictive means, continuous monitoring, and timely review. Chemical restraint denotes the use of medication to control agitation or behavior, typically in clinical contexts and under strict supervision. Environmental restraint includes measures such as secure housing or containment when risk of harm is high; such measures are subject to legal and ethical oversight.

In safety and daily life, restraints are implemented in devices like seat belts and safety harnesses to reduce injury risk. In law and ethics, restraint is tied to rights, dignity, and proportionality, with emphasis on de-escalation, consent where possible, and regular assessment of continued necessity. Across contexts, restraint is governed by principles of safety, necessity, and the obligation to minimize harm while preserving autonomy and dignity.