grappling

Grappling refers to a broad set of combat techniques that emphasize controlling an opponent through holds, throws, pins, locks, and chokes, rather than striking. It covers a range of arts and sports, including wrestling, judo, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, sambo, catch wrestling, and various forms of submission grappling. The central aim is to determine control of the opponent and either pin them, force a submission, or render them unable to continue.

Key concepts in grappling include grip fighting, creating and breaking grips, closing distance in the clinch, and executing takedowns or throws to bring the match to the ground. Once on the ground, the practitioner seeks dominant positions such as mount, side control, back control, or a functional guard, from which joint locks or chokeholds can be applied. Defense focuses on escapes, reversals, and maintaining positional awareness.

Grappling disciplines are practiced with or without a uniform. In gi competitions, a traditional uniform is used; in no-gi, practitioners wear athletic attire like rash guards and shorts. Rules systems vary, but most prioritize control, advancement, and submission while minimizing injury. Notable formats include submission grappling events and sport grappling circuits, such as ADCC and various federation championships, which emphasize submissions and positional scoring over striking.

Historically, grappling has roots in ancient wrestling traditions and was developed in the modern era by Japanese judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu pioneers. Today, grappling pathways range from self-defense and fitness to highly competitive sport, and it influences mixed martial arts training worldwide.