ADCC

ADCC commonly refers to two distinct concepts in different fields. In immunology, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a mechanism by which antibodies bound to target cells recruit effector cells to destroy those targets. Natural killer (NK) cells, along with other Fc receptor–bearing cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, recognize the antibody Fc region and release cytotoxic mediators that lead to target cell lysis. ADCC is a key mechanism of action for many therapeutic antibodies used in cancer and autoimmune diseases, including rituximab and trastuzumab. The efficiency of ADCC can be influenced by the antibody’s Fc region and the availability and affinity of Fc gamma receptors on effector cells; Fc engineering is used to enhance activity. ADCC is distinct from complement-dependent cytotoxicity but can contribute alongside other immune mechanisms. Assays such as chromium-release and flow-based methods are used to measure ADCC activity in research and development.

In sports and martial arts, ADCC stands for the Abu Dhabi Combat Club, an international organization based in Abu Dhabi that promotes submission grappling. The ADCC World Championship, one of the sport’s most prestigious events, attracts competitors from Brazilian jiu-jitsu, judo, wrestling, and other grappling backgrounds. The competition is known for its no-gi format and a ruleset that emphasizes submissions and high-level grappling technique, contributing to the contemporary development and visibility of sport grappling globally.

The acronym ADCC can also refer to other organizations or concepts in different contexts; disambiguation is typically necessary when the term is encountered outside immunology or grappling discussions.