cheetah

The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a large African cat known for its unparalleled speed. It can reach speeds of 60–70 miles per hour (97–113 km/h) in short bursts, accelerating rapidly to catch fast prey in open habitats.

Physiology and appearance: It has a slender body, long legs, and a small rounded head. Its coat is tawny with black spots and a white throat, with distinctive black tear marks from the inner eye to the mouth. It possesses semi-retractable claws that provide extra grip during sprints and a long tail that helps balance at high speed.

Distribution and habitat: Today it is mainly found in sub-Saharan Africa, with isolated historical populations in Iran. Cheetahs favor open grasslands, savannas, and light woodlands where visibility aids hunting.

Behavior and diet: Cheetahs hunt primarily by sight, using stealth to approach prey before a high-speed chase that lasts only seconds. Typical prey includes gazelles and impalas. They are largely diurnal or crepuscular, hunting during the day or early morning and late afternoon to avoid competition with nocturnal predators. Males may form small coalitions, while females are solitary or raise cubs.

Reproduction and life cycle: Females are solitary except when raising cubs. Gestation lasts about 90–95 days, usually producing 3–5 cubs. Cubs stay with the mother for about 18 months before becoming independent.

Conservation: The cheetah is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN, with an estimated global population of several thousand individuals. Threats include habitat loss and fragmentation, prey decline, conflict with humans, and poaching. Conservation efforts focus on protected areas, habitat corridors, anti-poaching, and community-based programs.