gazelles

Gazelles are small to medium-sized antelopes in the subfamily Antilopinae, commonly placed in the genus Gazella, with several related species now reassigned to genera such as Nanger and Eudorcas. They are native to Africa and parts of Asia, inhabiting deserts, savannas, grasslands, and scrublands. Gazelles are known for their speed and endurance, traits that help evade predators and cope with arid conditions.

Physically, gazelles have slender bodies, long legs, and curved horns that are often present in both sexes. Coat is usually tan to fawn with pale underparts and a white rump patch in many species. They can sprint at high speeds and perform stotting—pronking—behavior to signal fitness and deter pursuers. They can go for long periods without direct water, obtaining moisture from their food.

Ecology and behavior: Gazelles are often gregarious, forming responsive herds of females with immature individuals, while territorial males may form bachelor groups or defend harems. Diet consists mainly of grasses and forbs; some species browse shrubs during dry periods. Reproduction varies by species; gestation around five to six months, typically giving birth to a single calf.

Conservation: Most gazelle species are listed as least concern, but several are endangered or vulnerable due to hunting, habitat loss, and competition with livestock. Protected areas and anti-poaching efforts help, as do transboundary conservation programs. Gazelles remain a symbol of arid-zone biodiversity and are a frequent subject of wildlife research.