impalas

The impala (Aepyceros melampus) is a medium-sized African antelope common to eastern and southern Africa. It has a slender body, reddish-brown coat with lighter underparts, and a white rump patch. Males possess lyre-shaped horns; females do not.

Impala prefer savannas and light woodlands near water. They occur in a variety of habitats across many countries, including Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, and South Africa, and many populations are found in protected areas. Subspecies vary in markings and size, but all share the same basic build.

Socially, impalas are highly gregarious. Females and young form large herds; males may join bachelor groups or establish small territories during the rut. Territorial males scent-mark and defend patches of habitat to attract females during breeding.

Diet consists mainly of grasses but includes forbs and shrubs when grasses are scarce. They graze primarily at dawn and dusk and can switch to browsing in dry periods.

Reproduction follows seasonal rainfall. Gestation lasts about six to seven months, typically yielding a single calf. Calves are hidden briefly after birth and then join the herd as the mother resumes foraging. Impalas are fast runners, reaching about 60 km/h, and they perform high jumps to escape predators.

Predators include lions, leopards, hyenas, and wild dogs. The species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, reflecting its wide distribution and large numbers, though habitat loss and hunting continue to pressure some populations.