runners

Runners are people who engage in running for sport or recreation. They participate in a range of disciplines, from sprints and middle-distance on tracks to long-distance road, trail, and ultramarathons. Some run competitively, while others pursue fitness, health, or personal goals.

Physiology and common injuries: Running relies on aerobic capacity, leg and core strength, and efficient technique. Performance improves with training that enhances endurance, economy, and lactate threshold. Overuse injuries, such as shin splints, knee pain, Achilles tendinopathy, and plantar fasciitis, are common. Prevention emphasizes gradual mileage increases, adequate rest, strength training, and appropriate footwear.

Training and events: Runners follow structured plans incorporating easy runs, speed work, tempo runs, and long runs. Training aims to balance stress and recovery to build endurance and speed. Competitive events include road races (varying from 5K to marathon), track races, cross-country, trail races, and ultramarathons.

Equipment and safety: The core equipment is properly fitted running shoes matched to foot type and surface. Clothing should suit weather, and strategies for hydration and fueling are important for longer efforts. A proper warm-up and cool-down help reduce injury risk.

History and culture: Running has ancient roots and evolved into a modern sport with organized races and clubs. The rise of mass-participation events, including marathons, has contributed to widespread engagement and community support through coaches, clubs, and national federations.

Governance and notable figures: International competition is overseen by athletic federations, with World Athletics governing track and field globally. Runners include Olympic champions and world record holders across diverse events.